In this study, two kinds of circular cylinders which cut grooves to the cylinder surface for the purpose of cylinder drag reduction were produced.One of which is the circular cylinder which set 2 grooves in the cylinder upstream side, and other is the circular cylinder which provided 6 grooves every 60 Charm degrees.Experiments were performed using
The infection by Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T.b.b.), a protozoan parasite, is characterized by an early-systemic stage followed by a late stage in which parasites invade the brain parenchyma in a T cell-dependent manner.Here we found that early after infection effector-memory T cells were predominant among brain T cells, whereas, during the encepha
Collaborative and community-based monitoring are becoming more frequent, yet few studies have examined the process and outcomes of these monitoring approaches.We studied 18 collaborative or community-based ecological assessment or monitoring projects undertaken by five community-based forestry organizations (CBFs), to investigate the objectives, pr
We quantified nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and total denitrification (N2O + N2) in an acidic (Ferralsol) and a near-neutral pH soil (Cambisol) to determine whether biochar’s alkalinization effect could be the mechanism inducing potential reductions in N2O fluxes.In Ferralsol, decreases in N2O emissions and in the N2O to N2O + N2 ratio were obse